Task-14:Automation testing
1)What is the difference between the Manual and automation testing in the software development?
Manual testing:
Manual testing is a type of testing in which we do not take the help of any tools (automation) to perform the testing. In this testing, testers make test cases for the codes test the software, and give the final report about that software. Manual testing is time-consuming testing because it is done by humans and there is a chance of human errors.
Manual testing is conducted to discover bugs in the developed software application.
The tester checks all the essential features of the application.
The tester executes test cases and generates test reports without any help from the automation tools.
It is conducted by the experienced tester to accomplish the testing process.
When to Perform Manual Testing?
Manual testing works well for testing:
Functionalities.
User Interface.
Website Behavior.
Application Behavior.
User Acceptance.
User Experience.
Manual testing should be conducted when:
Flexibility is required: With manual tests, QA can quickly test and provide fast feedback.
Short-term projects: It is not advisable to invest more money and effort to set up short-term projects that focus on minor features because such setup will require huge effort and money that would be too high for such small projects.
When testing end-user usability: Humans can use their sensibilities to understand the application behavior if the application offers a satisfactory user journey. No machine can perform this task as humans can.
Benefits of Manual Testing:
Easy hiring: In manual testing, anyone can test so it helps in easy hiring.
Fast feedback: Manual testing helps to provide fast and accurate feedback.
Versatile: Manua test cases can be applied to many test cases.
Flexible: Manual testing is flexible as it can adapt easily to changes in the user interface.
Less expensive: Manual testing is less expensive as one does not need to spend a budget on automation tools and processes.
Limitations of Manual Testing:
Not all defects detected: In manual cases, there is no assurance that there will be 100% test coverage as a result some of the defects may not be detected.
High expertise: Although manual testing can be done by anyone, in some complex cases high expertise is required.
Lots of time: Manual testing times extensive activity. It requires a lot of time to manually develop test cases so that all the functionalities are covered and tested.
Cannot be recorded: Manual testing process cannot be recorded so it is not possible to reuse the manual test cases.
Less reliable: Manual testing is less reliable as it is conducted by humans and all test cases are designed by humans so there are chances for human error.
Automation Testing:
Automation testing is a type of testing in which we take the help of tools (automation) to perform the testing. It is faster than manual testing because it is done with some automation tools. There is no chance of any human errors.
It relies entirely on pre-scripted test which runs automatically to compare actual results with expected results.
Automation testing helps the tester determine whether the application performs as expected or not.
It allows the execution of repetitive tasks and regression tests.
Automation requires manual effort to create initial testing scripts.
When to Perform Automation Testing?
When need to run repetitive tasks: Automated tests are the best option in scenarios where there is a requirement to run repetitive tests. For example, in the case of regression tests must be executed periodically to make sure that the newly added code does not disrupt the existing functionality of the software.
When human resources are scarce: Automated tests are viable and the best option to get tests executed within deadlines when there are only a limited number of dedicated testers.
Benefits of Automation Testing:
Finds more bugs: Automation testing helps to find more bugs and defects in the software.
Reduce time for regression tests: Automated tests are suitable for regression tests as the tests can be executed in a repetitive manner periodically.
The process can be recorded: This is one of the benefits of using automation tests as these tests can be recorded and thus allows to reuse of the tests.
No fatigue: As automation, tests are executed using software tools so there is no fatigue or tiring factor as in manual testing.
Increased test coverage: Automation tests help to increase the test coverage as using the tool for testing helps to make sure that not even the smallest unit is left for testing.
Limitations of Automation Testing:
Difficult to inspect visual elements: In automated tests, it is difficult to get insight into the visual elements like color, font size, font type, button sizes, etc as there is no human intervention.
High cost: Automation tests have a high cost of implementation as tools are required for testing, thus adding the cost to the project budget.
Test maintenance is costly: In automation tests, test maintenance is costly.
Not false proof: Automation tests also have some limitations and mistakes in automated tests can lead to errors and omissions.
Trained employees required: For conducting automated tests, trained employees with knowledge of programming languages and testing knowledge are required.
2)Explore some of the most common automation testing tools available on the market.
There are numerous automation testing tools available in the market, each with its own set of features, capabilities, and suitability for different types of projects and technologies. Here are some of the most common automation testing tools:
Selenium WebDriver:
Selenium WebDriver is one of the most popular open-source automation testing frameworks for web applications.
It provides a suite of tools and libraries for automating browser interactions, allowing developers and testers to create and execute automated tests across different browsers and platforms
It supports multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, JavaScript, C#, etc., and allows testers to write test scripts to automate browser interactions.
Selenium WebDriver provides a rich set of APIs for browser automation and supports cross-browser testing on different platforms.
Appium:
Appium is an open-source automation testing tool for mobile applications.
It supports both Android and iOS platforms and allows testers to write test scripts using popular programming languages such as Java, Python, JavaScript, etc.
Appium provides a unified API for automating native, hybrid, and mobile web applications, making it suitable for testing across different mobile platforms.
It provides a rich set of features for automating app installation, navigation, input, and validation, as well as seamless integration with popular testing frameworks and CI/CD pipelines.
Appium's cross-platform compatibility, flexibility, and scalability make it a popular choice for mobile app testing and automation.
Katalon:
Katalon Studio is an all-in-one test automation solution designed for web, mobile, API, and desktop application testing.
It offers a comprehensive set of features, including an integrated development environment (IDE), record and playback capabilities, scripting support, and built-in test case management.
Katalon has features like test recording, test execution, and script generation. It supports programming languages like Java and Groovy.
A user can identify problems and analyze results using the built-in feature for test reporting in Katalon.
Katalon Studio is a popular choice for both beginners and experienced testers looking to streamline their test automation efforts.
Cypress:
Cypress is a modern, open-source end-to-end testing framework designed specifically for web applications.
It enables developers and QA engineers to write, run, and debug tests easily and efficiently.
Cypress provides a powerful set of features for testing web applications, including real-time test execution, automatic waiting, and time-travel debugging.
It offers a user-friendly interface, comprehensive documentation, and seamless integration with popular CI/CD pipelines, making it a preferred choice for automated testing among developers and QA professionals.
Playwright:
Playwright is an open-source automation framework developed by Microsoft that allows developers and testers to automate interactions with web browsers.
It supports testing across various browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, and Safari, as well as headless mode.
Playwright offers a rich set of features for automating web applications, such as page navigation, form submission, element interaction, and user authentication.
It provides robust APIs for writing reliable and maintainable tests, as well as built-in support for parallel execution, debugging, and performance monitoring.
Playwright's cross-browser compatibility, flexibility, and ease of use make it a valuable tool for web application testing and browser automation.
Cucumber:
Cucumber is an open-source testing framework that supports behavior-driven development (BDD). It allows teams to define application behavior in plain-text scenarios, which are written in a language called Gherkin.
It supports collaboration between technical and non-technical stakeholders by enabling the creation of executable specifications.
Cucumber enables collaboration between developers, testers, and business analysts by providing a common language for describing and automating tests.
Cucumber integrates with various programming languages and automation tools such as Selenium WebDriver and Appium, allowing testers to automate acceptance tests and validate application behavior against user stories.
Unified Functional Testing (UFT):
UFT (Unified Functional Testing), formerly known as QTP (QuickTest Professional), is a commercial automation testing tool developed by Micro Focus.
It is widely used for functional and regression testing of software applications.
UFT provides a comprehensive set of features for automating testing tasks, including record and playback, keyword-driven testing, script debugging, and test reporting.
It supports a variety of technologies and platforms, including web, mobile, desktop, and API testing.
UFT's integrated development environment (IDE) offers a user-friendly interface for creating, executing, and managing automated test scripts.
It also integrates with popular test management tools and CI/CD pipelines, enabling seamless automation across the software development lifecycle.
Postman:
Postman is an API testing tool that simplifies the process of building, testing, and documenting APIs.
It provides a user-friendly interface for designing, debugging, and sharing API requests and responses.
With Postman, developers can create and organize collections of API requests, define test cases, and run automated tests to verify API functionality.
Postman supports a wide range of HTTP methods and authentication types, making it suitable for testing REST, SOAP, and GraphQL APIs.
Postman is a versatile and powerful tool for API testing and development, used by developers, testers, and API providers worldwide
SoapUI:
SoapUI is an open-source testing tool used for functional and load testing of web services, APIs, and SOAP-based services.
It provides a user-friendly interface for creating, executing, and analyzing test cases for web services.
With SoapUI, testers can simulate various types of requests, such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE, and validate the responses against expected results.
SoapUI supports both REST and SOAP protocols, making it suitable for testing a wide range of web services.
SoapUI is widely used by developers, testers, and quality assurance teams to ensure the reliability and performance of web services and APIs
These are just a few examples of the many automation testing tools available in the market. The choice of tool depends on factors such as project requirements, technology stack, team skills, budget, and scalability needs. It's essential to evaluate and select the right tool based on your specific testing objectives and constraints
3)What is Cross Browser Testing?
Cross-browser testing is a type of software testing that ensures web applications or websites function correctly and appear consistently across different web browsers. Since various web browsers (such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari, etc.) may interpret and render HTML, CSS, and JavaScript differently, cross-browser testing aims to verify that the application or website behaves consistently across these browsers.
The primary goals of cross-browser testing include:
Compatibility: Ensuring that the web application or website works correctly across different browsers, browser versions, and operating systems. This includes verifying that all features, functionalities, and UI elements render as expected without any layout or styling issues.
Consistency: Ensuring a consistent user experience across different browsers, so users have a similar interaction and interface regardless of the browser they use. This involves verifying that navigation, form submission, and other user interactions function consistently across browsers.
Performance: Checking the performance of the application or website across different browsers to ensure that it loads quickly, responds promptly to user interactions, and performs well under various conditions (such as slow network connections or high traffic).
Accessibility: Verifying that the application or website is accessible to users with disabilities across different browsers. This includes testing for compatibility with screen readers, keyboard navigation, and other assistive technologies supported by different browsers.
Cross-browser testing can be performed manually by testers using multiple browsers on different devices or through automated testing tools. Automated cross-browser testing tools help streamline the testing process by allowing testers to run test scripts across multiple browsers simultaneously, identify compatibility issues, and generate comprehensive test reports.
By conducting cross-browser testing, organizations can ensure that their web applications or websites deliver a seamless and consistent user experience to users regardless of the browser or device they use, thereby improving user satisfaction and minimizing the risk of compatibility-related issues.
4)Write a Blog on TDD and BDD ?
Test-Driven Development (TDD) and Behavior-Driven Development (BDD). Both approaches focus on writing tests early in the development process to improve code quality, maintainability, and overall project success. In this blog, we'll explore the concepts, principles, and benefits of TDD and BDD.
Test-Driven Development (TDD):
Test-Driven Development is a software development process that emphasizes writing automated tests before writing the actual production code. The TDD cycle typically follows three main steps: Red, Green, Refactor.
Red: In the Red phase, developers write a failing test that defines the desired behavior or functionality of a specific piece of code. These tests are written based on the requirements or user stories.
Green: In the Green phase, developers write the minimum amount of code necessary to pass the failing test. This code might not be optimal or efficient but fulfills the immediate requirements.
Refactor: In the Refactor phase, developers improve the codebase without changing its behavior. They refactor the code to make it cleaner, more maintainable, and adhere to best practices.
Key Principles of TDD:
Write tests first: Before writing any production code, developers write automated tests that define the expected behavior.
Test small units of code: TDD focuses on testing small units of code, such as methods or functions, in isolation to ensure that they behave as expected.
Continuous integration: TDD encourages frequent integration of code changes into the main codebase, ensuring early detection of defects.
Regression testing: TDD ensures that existing functionality remains intact when new features or changes are introduced, preventing regression bugs.
Benefits of TDD:
Improved code quality: TDD encourages developers to write cleaner, modular, and more maintainable code by focusing on testability.
Faster feedback loop: TDD provides instant feedback on the correctness of code changes, enabling developers to catch and fix bugs early in the development cycle.
Reduced debugging time: By identifying and fixing defects early, TDD reduces the time spent on debugging and troubleshooting later in the development process.
Increased confidence: TDD instills confidence in developers and stakeholders by ensuring that the codebase is thoroughly tested and robust.
Behavior-Driven Development (BDD):
Behavior-Driven Development is an extension of TDD that focuses on defining the behavior of a system through examples written in a natural language format. BDD aims to align the development process with business objectives and user expectations by emphasizing collaboration between developers, testers, and stakeholders.
Key Components of BDD:
User Stories: BDD starts with defining user stories or scenarios that describe the behavior of the system from an end-user perspective. These stories are written in a structured format using keywords such as Given, When, Then.
Given-When-Then: BDD scenarios follow the Given-When-Then format, where Given represents the initial state or context, When represents the action or event, and Then represents the expected outcome or behavior.
Automated Acceptance Tests: BDD scenarios are automated using testing frameworks such as Cucumber, SpecFlow, or JBehave, allowing stakeholders to validate the system's behavior against the defined requirements.
Benefits of BDD:
Improved collaboration: BDD promotes collaboration between developers, testers, and business stakeholders by using a common language to define and validate requirements.
Clear communication: BDD scenarios provide a clear and unambiguous description of the expected system behavior, facilitating better understanding and communication among team members.
Enhanced test coverage: BDD encourages writing comprehensive acceptance tests that cover various use cases and edge cases, resulting in higher test coverage and better quality assurance.
Focus on business value: BDD ensures that development efforts are aligned with business objectives and user needs, resulting in the delivery of features that provide tangible value to the end-users.